SALADIN AYUBI
FULL NAME; SALAHADIN-YOUSAF IBNE AYUB
commonly known as SALADIN was the Ayyubid dynasty's founder. He was the first sultan of both Egypt and Syria and came from a Kurdish family. He was a key player in the Third Crusade and led the Muslim army's campaign of military conquest against the Crusader nations in the Levant.
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BORN
tikrit,Iraq
DIED
March,4,1193 Damascus, Syria
Place of burial: Umayyad Mosque, Syria, Damascus
CHILDREN :
1 Umayyad Mosque, Syria, Damascus
2 Al-aziz uthman
3 Dawood ibne saladin
4 Al sahir ghazi
5 Masauood ghazi
6 yaqoob ibne saladin
7 al-Afdal
8 Ishaq ibne saladin
9 Al-muazzam turansha ibne saladin
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complete name in Arabic: aladin Al-Din Ysuf I, also known as al-Malik al-Nir, was the most well-known Muslim hero and the founder of the Ayyybid dynasty. He was born in 1137 or 1138 in Tikrt, Mesopotamia (now in Iraq), and died on March 4, 1193 in Damascus (now in Syria). His name means "Righteousness of the Faith, Joseph, Son of Job." He had significant success in his battles with the Christian Crusaders when, on October 2, 1187, the Frankish occupation of Jerusalem came to an end.
childhood and military service:
Saladin was raised by a well-known Kurdish family. His father, Najm al-Din Ayyb, moved his family to Aleppo the night before he was born in order to work for the ruthless Turkish governor of northern Syria named "Imad al-Din Zang" ibn Aq Sonqur. Saladin was a seemingly unremarkable young man who spent his formative years in Balbek and Damascus. He preferred religious study over military training.
His official career started when he joined the staff of his influential military leader uncle Asad al-Din Shrkh, who served as the emir Nr al-Din, the Zang's son and successor. A complicated three-way conflict between Amalric I, the king of Jerusalem, Shwar, the strong vizier of the Egyptian Fimid caliph, and Shrkh developed during three military expeditions led by Shrkh into Egypt to stop it from falling to the Latin Christian (Frankish) rulers of the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem. At the age of 31, Saladin was named both commander of the Syrian armies in Egypt and vizier of the Fimid caliph there in 1169, following the death of Sharkh and the execution of Shwar. His unusually rapid ascent to power must be credited with
When Saladin dissolved the feeble and unpopular Shi'i Fimid caliphate in 1171 and proclaimed a return to Sunni Islam in Egypt, his standing was greatly strengthened. Although he continued to be Nr al-Dn's theoretical vassal for a while, the connection came to an end in 1174 with the passing of the Syrian emir. Saladin quickly rushed into Syria with a small but well-trained army to claim the regency on behalf of the young son of his former suzerain, using his extensive agricultural holdings in Egypt as a financial base. He soon renounced this assertion, nevertheless, and from 1174 to 1186 he fervently sought the objective of unifying all the Muslim lands in Syria, northern Mesopotamia, Palestine, and Egypt under his own standard. He achieved this through deft diplomacy that was supported by
Saladin's every deed was motivated by a passionate and unyielding adherence to the concept of jihad, or holy war. His aim of promoting the expansion and development of Muslim religious organizations was crucial. In addition to establishing institutions and mosques for their use, he courted their academics and preachers and hired them to publish edifying books, particularly those that focused on the jihad itself. Through moral renewal, which was a genuine aspect of his own way of life, he attempted to recreate in his own realm some of the same passion and excitement that had been so beneficial to the first generations of Muslims when, five centuries prior, they had conquered half the known globe.
SALADIN AND THE CRUSADE:
Additionally, Saladin was able to tip the military scales in his favor—more so by bringing together and controlling a sizable number of unruly men than by using fresh or more effective military methods. When he was finally able to use all of his might in the conflict with the Latin Crusader states in 1187, his soldiers were on an equal footing with them. Acre tired and ravenous army of Crusaders was captured and utterly decimated on July 4, 1187, at Acre, near Tiberias in northern Palestine, thanks to Saladin's military prowess and his enemy's astounding lack of it. The Crusaders suffered so heavy losses in just one battle that the Muslims were able to quickly encircle them.
His failure to take Tyre, a nearly impenetrable coastal bastion to which the dispersed Christian survivors of the recent conflicts hurried, was, however, overshadowed by his rapid triumph, which in 1189 saw the Crusaders reduced to the occupation of only three cities. It was going to serve as the Latin counterattack's focal point. Saladin most likely did not foresee the European response to his conquest of Jerusalem, which severely startled the West and prompted it to issue a fresh call for a Crusade. The monarchs of three nations joined the battle in this third Crusade, in addition to numerous notable nobles and knights. The name was given due to the size of the Christian effort and the long-lasting impact it had on its time.
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However, his quick victory, which in 1189 saw the Crusaders reduced to the occupation of only three cities, overshadowed his failure to capture Tyre, a practically impenetrable coastal bulwark to which the scattered Christian survivors of the recent fights hurried. It was to be the center of the Latin counterattack. Saladin most certainly had no idea how the West would react to his conquest of Jerusalem, which caused it to be greatly astonished and make a new call for a Crusade. Along with a host of illustrious lords and knights, the third Crusade saw the participation of the rulers of three different countries. Due to the enormity of the Christian effort and the lasting effects it had on its time, the term was given.
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He eventually succumbed to the effects of his extended campaigning seasons and many hours spent in the saddle. His allies discovered that the most powerful and charitable monarch in the Muslim world had not left enough money to cover the cost of his burial while his family were already fighting over sections of the empire. When the Mamluk dynasty took power in 1250, Saladin's family's Ayybid dynasty was still in charge of Egypt and the surrounding countries.
Saladin (al-Din) founded the Sunni Muslim dynasty known as the Ayyubids, which ruled over Egypt, what is now Upper Iraq, the majority of Syria, and Yemen in the late 12th and early 13th centuries.
The Ayyubid dynasty is named after Saladin's father, Ayyb (full name Najm al-Din Ayyb ibn Shdh), who belonged to a family of wealthy Kurdish soldiers who served the Seljuq Turkish kings of Iraq and Syria in the 12th century. As the newly appointed ruler of Damascus, Ayyb united Syria with his brother Shrkh in order to prepare for war with the Crusaders. Saladin overthrew the Shi'i Muslim Fatimid dynasty after his father's death in 1173, greatly stoked Muslim fervor to form a unified front against the Crusades, and made Egypt the most potent nation in the world.
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زیادہ تر لوگ صلاح الدین کو کیوں پسند کرتے ہیں؟
صلاح الدین اپنی بہادری اور عزت کے احساس کے لیے جانا جاتا تھا۔ اس نے جنگ کی گرمی میں بھی اپنے دشمنوں کے لیے ہمدردی اور احترام کا مظاہرہ کیا۔ اسیروں اور مخالفین کے ساتھ انصاف اور احترام کے ساتھ سلوک کرنے کی اس کی شہرت نے اسے مسلمانوں اور عیسائیوں دونوں کی طرف سے پذیرائی حاصل کی۔
صلاح الدین ایک ماہر فوجی حکمت عملی اور کمانڈر تھا۔ اس کی فوجی مہمات اور فتوحات نے اس کی حکمت عملی کی مہارت کا مظاہرہ کیا۔ متنوع مسلم افواج کو متحد کرنے اور صلیبیوں کے خلاف کامیابی کی طرف لے جانے کی اس کی صلاحیت متاثر کن تھی۔
صلاح الدین اپنے متقی اسلامی عقیدے کے لیے مشہور تھے۔ وہ ایک متقی اور پرہیزگار مسلمان کے طور پر دیکھا جاتا تھا، اور اس کے اعمال اکثر مذہبی اصولوں سے متاثر ہوتے تھے۔ یروشلم کو عیسائیوں کے قبضے سے آزاد کرانے کی ان کی کوششوں کو بہت سے مسلمانوں نے ایک عظیم اور مذہبی طور پر حوصلہ افزائی کے طور پر دیکھا۔
صلاح الدین نہ صرف ایک جنگجو تھا بلکہ ایک ماہر سفارت کار بھی تھا۔ وہ اکثر تنازعات کا پرامن حل تلاش کرتا تھا اور جب ممکن ہو اپنے مخالفین کے ساتھ بات چیت کے لیے تیار تھا۔ اپنے دشمنوں کے ساتھ جنگ بندی اور معاہدے کرنے پر اس کی رضامندی نے اس کی سفارتی ذہانت کو ظاہر کیا۔
ثقافتی وراثت: صلاح الدین کے دور حکومت نے خطے کی ثقافتی اور فکری ترقی پر نمایاں اثر ڈالا۔ اس نے علماء، شاعروں اور فنکاروں کی حمایت کی اور اپنے دور میں اسلامی ثقافت کو پھلنے پھولنے میں اپنا حصہ ڈالا۔
تاریخی علامت: صلاح الدین کے کارناموں اور کردار نے انہیں مسلم دنیا میں اتحاد اور مزاحمت کی علامت بنا دیا ہے۔ اسے اکثر الہام اور فخر کی شخصیت کے طور پر پکارا جاتا ہے، خاص طور پر صلیبی جنگوں اور انصاف کی جدوجہد سے متعلق گفتگو میں۔
مقبول ثقافت: صلاح الدین کی کہانی کو ادب، فن اور مقبول ثقافت کی مختلف شکلوں میں رومانوی اور منایا گیا ہے۔ اسے کتابوں، فلموں اور ٹیلی ویژن سیریز میں ایک بہادر شخصیت کے طور پر پیش کیا گیا ہے، جس سے عوام کی نظروں میں اس کی حیثیت کو مزید بلند کیا گیا ہے۔
مجموعی طور پر، صلاح الدین کو اس کی عسکری صلاحیتوں، عزت کے احساس، مذہبی عقیدت، اور ایک اہم دور میں مشرق وسطیٰ کی تاریخ میں اس کے کردار کی وجہ سے لوگ سراہا جاتا ہے۔ ان کی وراثت مسلم دنیا اور اس سے باہر کے بہت سے لوگوں کے لیے الہام اور فخر کا باعث بنی ہوئی ہے۔
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